Capacidad antioxidante de los extractos de la mora Madura tindoria en el sistema inmune del camarón blanco Litopenaeus vannamei bajo condiciones decultivo

Abstract

Madura tindoria (L.) D. Don ex Steud. it's a medicinal tree from dry tropical forests of Sinaloa and Campeche, México. In methanol extracts of fruits, bark and leaves the content of total phenols (TPC) was determined and the highest valué (414.1 mgEAG/g) was found in green fruits of plants from Sinaloa. The highest concentration of total flavonoids (TFLC) was 93.4 mgECA/g in the extract of leaves of Campeche and the highest concentration of condensed tannins (CT) was observed in the extract of the ripe fruits of Sinaloa (41.3 mgECA/g). Also, the blocking ability o f DPPH* was determined and the highest valué was for the bark extract from Sinaloa (ICso=l 1.06 mgEQ/mL), the highest valué of reducing power of iron (FRAP) was found in the leaf extract from Campeche (EC5o=4.04 mgEAA/mL), and the total antioxidant capacity by molybdate reduction (TAC) presented the higher valué in Campeche leaves extract (24.1 mgEAG / mL). By HPLC-DAD the presence of phenolic acids, flavones, flavonols and dihidrofiavonoides was determined. Bark extract from Sinaloa and fish oil were encapsulated using maltodextrin and gum arabic as wall materials. Tliree types of microcapsules were obtained: 1).-ES extract alone, 2).-EF025 extract plus 25 mL/L of físh oil and 3).-EFO50 extract plus 50 mL/L of fish oil. The highest valúes of moisture content (4.72 g / Kg), hygroscopicity (15.31%), wetting and dissolution time (56 and 110 min) were observed in EF025, while the highest contents of TPC, TFLC and CT, and antioxidant capacity by FRAP and TAC, were obtained in EFO50. The ES microcapsules were mixed with shrimp feed to evalúate its effect on the enzyme system associated with oxidative defense of white shrimp {Litopenaeus vannamei). The highest results of phenol oxidase (PO) and prophenoloxidase (ProPO) activity were found in treatments I and II, respectively; and the free radical superoxide anión production was higher in treatment II. Besides the highest percentage of survival (100%) was observed in treatments III and IV. The highest specific growth rate 3.71 was observed in treatment I V and an increased production of protein in HLS and plasma -1.34 mg/mL y 155.8 mg/mL, respectively- was found in treatments I I and IV. The M. tindoria extract depicted good antioxidant activity before and during the bioassay and the rheological analysis of the microcapsules shows that they are highly stable and maintain their contents in good condition for long periods o f time